A Chronological Listing of Some Publications on

Instability, Internal War and Terrorism

from Economics with

Selected References from Other Social Science Disciplines

by

V. L Elliott

A yellow background indicates a work from a discipline other than economics.

A green background indicates an economic publication that, while relevant, does not directly deal with instability and internal war.

An orange background indicates a publication from economics on terrorism.

A blue background indicates a background study for the World Bank project on the Economics of Civil War and Political Violence.

1905	Charles A. Ellwood	"A Psychological Theory of Revolutions." American Journal of Sociology 11 (1905): 49-59.
1913	Gustav Le Bon	The Psychology of Revolution. New York: Putnam, 1913.
1925	Pitrim Sorokin	The Sociology of Revolution. New York: Lippincott, 1925.
1926	D. Yoder	"Current Definitions of Revolution." American Journal of Sociology 32 (1926): 433-41.
1927	L. Edwards	The Natural History of Revolutions.
1936	John Maynard Keynes	The General Theory of Employment Interest and Money
1938	Pitrim Sorokin Crane Brinton	Social and Cultural Dynamics III: Fluctuation of Social Relationships, War and Revolution The Anatomy of A Revolution
1941	Paul A. Samuelson	“The Stability of Equilibrium”
1943	Katherine Chorley	Armies and The Art of Revolution. Boston: Beacon Press 1943.
1944	L. Gottschalk	"Causes of Revolution." American Journal of Sociology 50 (1944): 1-8.
1949	A. Hatto S. Neumann	"Revolution: An Enquiry into the Usefulness of a Historical Term." Mind 58 (1947): 495-517. "The Structure and Strategy of Revolutions: 1848 and 1948." Journal of Politics 11 (1949): 532-44.
1950	Rex D. Hopper	"The Revolutionary Process." Social Forces 28 (1950): 270-9.
1951	D.W. Brogan	The Price of Revolution. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1951
1952	I. Deutscher	“The French Revolution and the Russian Revolution: Some Suggestive Analogies” World Politics 4 (1952): 369-81.
1954	R. R. Palmer Paul A. Samuelson	“The World Revolution in the West” Political Science Quarterly 69 (1954): 1-14. “The Pure Theory of Public Expenditure,” The Review of Economics and Statistics 36 (November 1954): 387-389
1955	Harold Lasswell and A. Kaplan Paul A. Samuelson	Power and Society New Haven: Yale University Press, 1955. “Diagrammatic Exposition of a Theory of Public Expenditure,” The Review of Economics and Statistics 38 (November 1955): 350-356.
1956	Anthony F. C Wallace Charles N. Tiebout	"Revitalization Movements." American Anthropologist 58 (1956): 264-81. “A Pure Theory of Local Expenditures,” The Journal of Political Economy 45, no. 5 (October 1956): 416-424.
1957	Anthony Downs	An Economic Theory of Democracy. New York: Harper and Row, 1957.
1958	Paul A. Samuelson	“Aspect Theory of Public Expenditure,” The Review of Economics and Statistics 40 (November 1958): 332-33
1959
1960	James B. Hendry James B. Hendry	“American Aid in Vietnam: The View From a Village” Pacific Affairs, 33, No. 4 (Dec., 1960), pp. 387-391 “Land Tenure in South Viet-Nam.” Economic Development and Cultural Change.” 9, no 1 (October 1960): 27-44.
1961		Study of the Indo-China economies and social systems by the US government was stepped up in the late 1950s and intensified in the early 1960s. This effort was mainly in Laos and Viet-Nam but Cambodia received attention beginning about 1970. The program ended for all three countries in 1975. During the period Viet-Nam was the most well studied of the three. Little of the economic work was ever formally published for any country. For Viet-Nam the best overall economic study is Douglas C. Dacy’s Foreign Aid, War, and Economic Development: South Vietnam, 1955‑1975, published in 1986. It is based on and extends the 3 volume study that Dacy, Harry Williams, Arthur Smithies, William Beazer, Rolf Piekarz, and Dale Moody led for the Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA). (There were several other contributors, including Leroy Jones, Randolph Harris, Sumei Okuba and this writer.) The IDA study was informed by Research Analysis Corporation’s study of the economics of Vietnamization, done about 1969 by a team led by Leland Barrows and his chief economist, Robert W. Kelly. William Kuene was also a contributor to IDA Indo-china work although not necessarily to the study discussed here. US government economists and consultants who worked on Indo-china included: James B. Hendry, Edward J. Mitchell, Roy Werhli, Charles A. Cooper, Robert W. Kelly, John K. Wilhelm, Ronald Davidson, John Gardner, John Bennett, LTC Stanley Dolins, Lawrence Dash, Willard Shape, William Tater, Capt. Richard Neely, Carl Cundiff, Lt. Larry Presler, and this writer. Anthropologist: Gerald Cannon Hickey. Historian: Joseph Buttinger, Political Science: George Tanham, Dennis Duncanson and Douglas Pike. Sociologists: Marilyn W. Hoskins and Ellen Murray Shepherd
1962	James Hendry William Kaye	“Economic Development Under Conditions of Guerilla Warfare.” Asian Survey 2, no 4 (June 1962): 1-12. “A Bowl of Rice Divided: The Economy of North Vietnam” China Quarterly, No. 9 (Jan. - Mar., 1962), pp. 82-93
1963
1964	James B. Hendry Gerald C. Hickey	The Small World of Khanh Hau. Chicago: Aldine Publishers, 1964. The Village in Vietnam. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1964.
1965	James M. Buchanan and Gordon Tullock Mancur Olson	The Calculus of Consent: Logical Foundations of Constitutional Democracy (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1965). The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1965.
1966	Barrington Moore Jr. Chalmers Johnson	Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Lord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern World (Boston: Beacon Press, 1966). Revolutionary Change. Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1966
1967	Thomas Ireland Edward J. Mitchell Edward J. Mitchell Roy Wehrli, Wiilard Sharpe, John K. Wilhelm, Robert W. Kelly, et. al.	“Rationale for Revolt,” Papers in Non-market Decision Making (1967): 49-66. “The Significance of Land Tenure in the Vietnamese Insurgency,” Asian Survey 7 no. 8 (August 1967): 577-580 “Inequality and Insurgency: A Statistical Study of South Vietnam.”  Santa Monica: Rand, 1967. (Rand Corporation Paper P-3610). “Spring Stabilization Review.” Saigon: U.S. Embassy Joint Economic Office, 1967.
1968	Edward J. Mitchell Samuel Huntington	“Inequality and Insurgency: A Statistical Study of South Vietnam,” World Politics 20 (1968): 421-438. Political Order in a Changing Society. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1968.
1969	Leland Barrows, Robert W. Kelly, et. al. Edward J. Mitchell Charles Wolf	“Report on the Economic Aspects of Vietnamization”, Arlington, VA: Research Analysis Corporation, ca. 1969-70. “Some Econometrics of the Huk Rebellion,” American Political Science Review 43 (1969): 1159-1171 “Vietnam: Prospects & Precepts.” Asian Survey. 9, no. 3 (March 1969): 157-162.
1970	Robert L. Sansom Ted Robert Gurr William J. Tater	The Economics of Insurgency in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. Cambridge, Mass.: The M.I.T. Press, 1970. Why Men Rebel. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1970. "Impact of Land Reform on Pacification: A Quantitative Appraisal of Land Reform in Vietnam." Ph.D. dissertation, Agricultural Economics, University of Southern California, 1970.
1971	Gordon Tullock	"The Paradox of Revolution." Public Choice 11 (1971): 89-99.
1972	Douglas C. Dacy, Harry Williams, Dale Moody, et. al.	“Viet-Nam Economic Studies,” Institute for Defense Analyses, Arlington, VA, 1972.
1973	Chalmers Johnson	Autopsy on People's War. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973.
1974	Gordon Tullock Morris Silver	The Social Dilemma: The Economics of War and Peace Blacksburg, VA: Public Choice Center, 1974. “Political Revolutions and Repression: An Economic Approach,” Public Choice 14 (1974): 63-71.
1975	Michael D. Intriligator James A. Chalmers and Robert B. Shelton	"Strategic Considerations in the Richardson Model of Arms Races." Journal of Political Economy 83 (1975): 339-353. "An Economic Analysis of Riot Participation." Economic Inquiry 13 (September 1975): 322-336.
1976	Jewett Millard Burr Nancy A. Wiegersma	"Land to the Tiller: Land Redistribution in South Vietnam, 1970-1973." Ph.D. dissertation, Geography, University of Oregon, 1976. xxiv, 375 pp. 77-11437. "Land Tenure and Land Reform: A History of Property and Power in Vietnam." Ph.D. dissertation, Economics, University of Maryland, 1976. 238 pp. 77-13040.
1977
1978	Charles Tilly Jack Hirshleifer Dipak K. Gupta William Landes	From Mobilization to Revolution. New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, 1978. "Competition, Cooperation, and Conflict in Economics and Biology." American Economic Review 68, no. 2 (May 1978): 238-245. "An Econometric Analysis of the Economic Causes of Political Violence." Paper presented at the Center for Economic Development Studies, 1978. San Diego, CA: San Diego State University Department of Economics. “An Economic Study of US Aircraft Hijacking, 1961-1976,” Journal of Law and Economics 21, 1 (1978): 1-31.
1979	Dipak K. Gupta Dipak K. Gupta and Roger Frantz Theda Skocpol	"A Case for Reintroduction of Conflict in the Theories of Economic Development: Paradigm Lost!" Paper presented at the Western Social Science Conference, Lake Tahoe, California, 1979. San Diego, CA: San Diego State University Department of Economics. "Use of Micro-Data to Predict Levels of Alienation Among Young Male Workers." Paper presented at the. Western Social Science Conference, Lake Tahoe, California: 1979. San Diego, CA: San Diego State University Department of Economics. State and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analaysis of France, Russia and China (Cambridge University Press, 1979),
1980	Dipak K. Gupta Dipak K. Gupta and Woodrow Jones Dipak K. Gupta and Y. P. Venieris Jack Goldstone	"Analysis of Political Violence -- A Dilemma for Policy-makers." Paper presented at the Thirty-eighth Annual Institute of World Affairs Conference, 1980. San Diego, CA. San Diego: State University Department of Economics. "Political Violence and Development: An Inquiry into Socio-Economic Costs." Paper presented to the International Studies Association, West Portland, Oregon, 1980. San Diego, CA: San Diego State University Department of Economics. "Sociopolitical Interaction in a Macro-Model." Paper presented at the Western Economic Association Conference, San Diego, CA, 1980. San Diego, CA: San Diego State University Department of Economics. “Theories of Revolution: The Third Generation,” World Politics 32: 425‑453.
1981	Dipak K. Gupta and Yiannis P. Venieris Dipak K. Gupta and Y. P. Venieris.	"Introducing New Dimensions in Macro Models: The Socio-Political and Institutional Environment." Economic Development and Cultural Change 30, no. 1 (October 1981): 31-58. "Sociopolitical and Economic Dimensions of Development: A Cross-section Model." Paper presented at the London School of Economics to the Atlantic International Economic Conference, London, 1981. San Diego, CA: San Diego State University Department of Economics.
1982	Michael Intrilligator Dipak K. Gupta Mancur Olson Mancur Olson Jack Goldstone	"Research on Conflict Theory: Analytic Approaches and Areas of Application." Journal of Conflict Resolution 26, no. 2 (June 1982): 307-327. "The Possibilities and Implications of Reintroducing Conflict in the Theories of Economic Development." Paper presented at the Western Economic Association International Conference, Los Angeles, 1982. San Diego, CA: San Diego State University Department of Economics. "Stagflation and the Political Economy of the Decline in Productivity." American Economic Review 72, no. 2 (May 1982): 143‑48. The Rise and Decline of Nations: Growth, Stagflation and Social Rigidities. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982. “The Comparative and Historical Study of Revolutions,” Annual Review of Sociology 8: 187‑207.
1983	Todd Sandler, John Tschirhart and Jon Cauley Dipak K. Gupta and Y. P. Venieris.	"A Theoretical Analysis of Transnational Terrorism." American Political Science Review 77 (March 1983): 36-54. "Political Instability and Economic Growth." Paper presented at the Sixth Annual Scientific Meeting of the International Society of Political Psychology at St. Catherine's College, Oxford University, Oxford, 1983. San Diego, CA: San Diego State University Department of Economics..
	Charles Stuart Callison	Land-to-the-Tiller in the Mekong Delta: Economic, Social and Political effects of Land Reform in Four Villages of South Vietnam. University Press of America, 1983.  xxv, 391 pp
1984	Dipak K. Gupta Mancur Olson	"Sociopolitical Violence and Economic Development: The Possibilities and Implications of An Integrated Model." Paper presented at the Managing International Development Conference, March 1984. San Diego, CA: San Diego State University Department of Economics. "Why Nations Rise and Fall." Challenge 27, no. 1 (March‑April 1984): 15‑23.
1985	Jack Hirshleifer Jack Hirshleifer Dagobert L. Brito and Michael D. Intriligator	"Conflict and Settlement." Working Paper 360. Los Angeles: University of California at Los Angeles Department of Economics, January 1985. "The Expanding Domain of Economics." American Economic Review 75, no. 6 (December 1985): 53‑68. "Conflict, War, and Redistribution." The American Political Science Review 79 (December 1985): 943‑57.
1986	Douglas C. Dacy Dipak K. Gupta Dipak K. Gupta Dipak K. Gupta Dipak K. Gupta Jack Goldstone	Foreign Aid, War, and Economic Development: South Vietnam, 1955‑1975. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986. "Economic Behavior and the Analysis of Collective Political Violence." Paper presented. At El Colegio de Mexico Institute of Economic Studies, Mexico City, 1986. San Diego, CA: San Diego State University Department of Economics. "Participation in the Acts of Political Violence: Rational Choice Approach." Paper presented at the University of Canterbury, Kent, England, 1986. San Diego, CA: San Diego State University Department of Economics. "Sociopolitical Instability and Macro-Economics." Paper presented at the University of East Anglia, Norwich, England, 1986. San Diego, CA: San Diego State University Department of Economics. "Theories of Collective Violence and Economic Development." Paper presented at the London School of Economics, London, 1986. San Diego, CA: San Diego State University Department of Economics. Revolutions: Theoretical, Comparative, and Historical Studies New York and San Diego: Harcourt Brace.
1987	Gordon Tullock Jack Hirshleifer Scott E. Atkinson, Todd Sandler and John Tschirhart. Eric Iksoon Im, Jon Cauley, and Todd Sandler. Todd Sandler, and John L. Scott. Dipak K. Gupta Dipak K. Gupta and Harinder Singh.	Autocracy. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1987. Economic Behaviour in Adversity. Chicago: University of Chicago Press 1987. "Terrorism in a Bargaining Framework." Journal of Law and Economics 30, no. 1 (April 1987): 1‑21. "Cycles and Substitutions in Terrorist Activities: A Spectral Approach." Kyklos 40, no. 2 (1987): 238‑55. "Terrorist Success in Hostage-Taking Incidents." Journal of Conflict Resolution 31, no. 1 (March 1987): 35‑53. "Economic Behavior and the Analysis of Collective Violence." Journal of Behavioral Economics 15, no. 2 (Summer 1987): 33-44. "Collective Rebellious Behavior and Expected Utility Model: A General Framework." Paper presented to the International Society of Political Psychology, San Francisco, California, 1987.
1988	Todd Sandler and Harvey Lapan Todd Sandler and Jon Cauley Michael Intrilligator and Dagobert L. Brito Jack Hirshleifer Bruno Frey	“The Calculus of Dissent: An Analysis of Terrorists' Choice of Targets," Synthese, Vol. 76, No.2, August 1988, pp. 245-261. “Fighting World War III: A Suggested Strategy," Terrorism: An International Journal, Vol. 11, No.3, Fall 1988, pp. 181-195. "A Predator-prey Model of Guerrilla Warfare." Synthese 76, no. 2 (1988): 235-244. "The Analytics of Continuing Conflict." Synthese 76 (1988): 201-233. “Fighting Political Terrorism by Refusing Recognition,” Journal of Public Policy, 7 (1988) S., 179-88.
1989	Wayne T. Brough and V. L Elliott. Jack Hirshleifer Dwight R. Lee and Todd Sandler Dipak K. Gupta	"The Economics of Insurgency." Paper presented at the Public Choice Society Annual Meeting, March 17-19, 1989. Washington, DC: Agency for International Development, 1989, photocopy. "Conflict and Rent-Seeking Success Functions: Ratio vs. Difference Models of Relative Success." Public Choice 63, no. 2 (November 1989): 101‑12 "On the Optimal Retaliation Against Terrorists: The Paid‑Rider Option." Public Choice 61, no. 2 (May 1989): 141‑52. "Why Men Rebel and Why They Don't: An Expected Utility Model." Paper presented to the. University of Southern California Department of Economics Los Angeles, 1989. San Diego, CA: San Diego State University Department of Economics.
1990	Jack Hirshleifer Todd Sandler, Walter Enders and Jon Cauley Todd Sandler, Walter Enders and Jon Cauley Dagobert L. Brito, and Michael D. Intriligator Milica Zarkovic Bookman Herschel I. Grossman Herschel I. Grossman and Noh Suk Jae Dipak K. Gupta Dipak K. Gupta	"The Determinants of Power." Working Paper 582. Los Angeles: University of California at Los Angeles Department of Economics, February 1990. “U.N. Conventions, Technology, and Retaliation in the Fight Against Terrorism: An Econometric Evaluation," Terrorism and Political Violence, Vol. 2, No.1, Spring 1990, 83-105. “Assessing the Impact of Terrorist-Thwarting Policies: An Intervention Time Series Approach," Defence Economics, Vol. 2, No.1, December 1990, pp. 1-18. "An Economic Model of Guerilla Warfare." International Interactions 15, nos. 3/4 (1990): 319-329. "The Economic Basis of Regional Autarchy in Yugoslavia" Soviet Studies 42, no. 1 (1990): 93-109. "The Technology of Insurrection and the Allocative and Distributive Effects of Famine Relief." Working Paper 90-20. Providence, RI: Brown University Department of Economics, July 1990. "A Theory of Kleptocracy with Probabilistic Survival and Reputation." Economics and Politics 2, no. 2 (July 1990): 157‑71. "Political Instability and Economic Development." Paper presented to the Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Mexico, Department of Political Science, 1990. San Diego, CA: San Diego State University Department of Economics. The Economics of Political Violence: The Effects of Political Instability on Economic Growth. New York: Praeger, 1990.
1991	Jack Hirshleifer Jack Hirshleifer Herschel I. Grossman Todd Sandler, Walter Enders and Harvey E. Lapan Jack A. Goldstone, Ted Robert Gurr and F. Moshiri Todd Sandler and Walter Enders	"The Technology of Conflict." American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings 81, no. 2 (May 1991): 130-134. “The Paradox of Power." Economics and Politics 3, no. 3 (November 1991): 177‑200. "A General Equilibrium Model of Insurrections." American Economic Review 81, no. 4 (September 1991): 912-921. "Economic Analysis Can Help Fight International Terrorism." Challenge 34, no. 1 (Jan.‑Feb. 1991): 10‑17. Revolutions of the Late Twentieth Century Boulder : Westview Press, Oct. 1991 “The Causality Between Transnational Terrorism and Tourism: The Case of Spain," Terrorism: An International Journal, Vol. 14, No.1, January-March 1991, pp. 49-58.
1992	Todd Sandler, Walter Enders and Gerald Parise Todd Sandler, Walter Enders and Gerald Parise Dagobert L. Brito and Michael D. Intriligator Milica Zarkovic Bookman Milica Zarkovic Bookman Herschel I. Grossman Dipak K. Gupta Dipak K. Gupta Dipak K. Gupta and Harinder Singh. Dipak K. Gupta and Harinder Singh.	“A Time-Series Analysis of Transnational Terrorism: Trends and Cycles," Defence Economics, Vol. 3, No.4, November 1992, pp. 305320. “An Econometric Analysis of the Impact of Terrorism on Tourism," Kyklos, Vol. 45, No.4, 1992, pp. 531-554. "Narco‑traffic and Guerrilla Warfare: A New Symbiosis." Defence Economics 3, no. 4 (1992): 263‑74. The Economics of Secession. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1992. "Economic Issues Underlying Secession: The Case of Slovenia and Slovakia." Communist Economies and Economic Transformation 4, no. 1 (1992): 111‑34. "Foreign Aid and Insurrection." Defence Economics 3, no. 4 (1992): 275-288. "Collective Identity and Collective Movements." Paper presented. San Diego: University of California at San Diego, International Workshop on Social Movements and Culture, 1992. San Diego, CA: San Diego State University Department of Economics. "The Paradox of Rebellion: A Comparative Analysis of Race Relations in the United States." Paper presented to the Society for the Advancement of Socioeconomics meetings at the University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, 1992. San Diego, CA: San Diego State University Department of Economics. "Government Coercion of Dissidents: Deterrence or Provocation?" Paper presented at the Fourteenth Annual Scientific Meeting of International Society of Political Psychology, San Francisco, California, 1992. San Diego, CA: San Diego State University Department of Economics. "Collective Rebellious Behavior: An Expected Utility Approach of Behavioral Motivations." Political Psychology 13, no. 3 (1992): 379-406.
1993	Herschel I. Grossman Jack Hirshleifer Jack Hirshleifer Dipak K. Gupta Dipak K. Gupta Dipak K. Gupta Dipak K. Gupta Dipak K. Gupta Harinder Singh and Tom Sprague Mancur Olson Todd Sandler and John A. C. Conybeare, Todd Sandler and Walter Enders Todd Sandler and Harvey E. Lapan	"Political Stability, Property Rights, and Economic Prospects in the Former Soviet Union." Working Paper 93‑40. Providence, RI: Brown University Department of Economics, September 1993. "Cooperation, Conflict and All That." Working Paper 695. Los Angeles: University of California at Los Angeles Department of Economics, June 1993. "The Dark Side of the Force." Working Paper 702. Los Angeles: University of California at Los Angeles Department of Economics, July 1993. "On Economics of Political Violence." Paper presented. Santiniketan, India: Visva-Bharati University, Department of Economics, 1993. San Diego, CA: San Diego State University Department of Economics. "Collective Identity and Collective Action." Paper presented at the Russian Academy of Sciences, International Conference on Behavioral Economics, Moscow, 1993. San Diego, CA: San Diego State University Department of Economics. "Micro Motivations and Collective Actions: Analysis of Ethnic Violence." Paper presented to the University of California at Riverside Department of Economics, Riverside, California, 1993. San Diego, CA: San Diego State University Department of Economics. "Diffusing Ethnic Tension: Policy Guidelines for Europe." Paper presented at the Leiden University Department of Political Science Symposium on Ethnic Conflict and Human Rights Violations in Europe, Leiden, the Netherlands, 1993. San Diego, CA: San Diego State University Department of Economics. "Government Coercion of Dissidents: Deterrence or Provocation?" Journal of Conflict Resolution 37, no. 2 (June 1993): 301-39. "Dictatorship, Democracy, and Development." American Political Science Review 87, no. 3 (September 1993): 567‑76. “State-Sponsored Violence As a Tragedy of the Commons: ngland's Privateering Wars with France and Spain, 1625-1630," Public Choice, Vol. 77, No.4, December 1993, pp. 879-897. “The Effectiveness of Anti-Terrorism Policies: A V AR-Intervention Analysis," American Political Science Review, Vol. 87, No.4, December 1993, pp. 829-844. An abbreviated version was republished in Terrorism, Violence, and Insurrections, Vol. 11, No.3, Summer 1995, pp. 1-5. Republished in War on Terrorism, edited by Alan O'Day (Aldershot, UK: Ashgate, 2004), pp. 401-416. “Terrorism and Signalling," European Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 9, No.3, 1993, pp. 383-397.
1994	Gordon Tullock Milica Zarkovic Bookman Paul Collier Herschel I. Grossman and Minseong Kim Dipak K. Gupta Dipak K. Gupta, Albert Jongman and R. Kraaij Theda Skocpol	The New Federalist. Vancouver: The Fraser Institute. 1994. "War and Peace: The Divergent Breakups of Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia." Journal of Peace Research 31, no. 2 (May 1994): 175‑87. "Demobilisation and Insecurity: A Study in the Economics of the Transition from War to Peace." Journal of International Development 3 (1994): 343-51. "Predation and Production." Working Paper 94-27. Providence, RI: Brown University Department of Economics, December 1994. "Collective Identity and Political Rebellion." Paper presented. Los Angeles: University of California at Los Angeles Department of Psychology, Center for the Study of Group Behavior, 1994. San Diego, CA: San Diego State University Department of Economics. "Forecasting Political and Humanitarian Crisis: Problems and Some Intriguing Possibilities." Paper presented at the International Political Science Association meeting, Berlin, 1994. San Diego, CA: San Diego State University Department of Economics. Social Revolutions in the Modern World. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
1995	Herschel I. Grossman and Minseong Kim Jack Hirshleifer Todd Sandler Paul Collier Dipak K. Gupta Dipak K. Gupta Dipak K. Gupta, Andrew Blee and M. C. Madhavan.	"Swords or Plowshares? A Theory of the Security of Claims to Property." Journal of Political Economy 103, no. 6 (December 1995): 1275‑88. "Anarchy and Its Breakdown." Journal of Political Economy 103, no. 1 (February 1995): 26-52. “On the Relationship between Democracy and Terrorism," Terrorism and Political Violence, Vol. 7, No.4, Winter 1995, pp. 1-9. "War, Peace and Private Portfolios." World Development 23 (1995): 233-41. "The Economics of Political Violence." Paper presented to the Jawaharlal University Department of International Studies, New Delhi, 1995. San Diego, CA: San Diego State University Department of Economics. "Feasibility of an Early Warning Model for Political and Humanitarian Crisis." In "Towards a Common Agenda for Conflict Prevention." Paper presented at the Joint Symposium of International Alert and the Norwegian Peoples' Aid, Oslo, 1995. San Diego, CA: San Diego State University Department of Economics. "Democracy, Economic Growth, and Political Instability." Paper presented to the Sudasien-Instut der Universitat Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 1995. San Diego, CA: San Diego State University Department of Economics.
1996	Dipak K. Gupta Dipak K. Gupta Todd Sandler and Walter Enders	"Collective Identity and Collective Action." Paper presented to International Society for Behavioral Economics, University of Geneva, 1996. San Diego, CA: San Diego State University Department of Economics. "Collective Identity and Collective Violence: Group Psychology in Political Behavior." Paper presented to the Indian Institute of Science, National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bangalore, India, 1996. San Diego, CA: San Diego State University Department of Economics. “Terrorism and Foreign Direct Investment in Spain and Greece," Kyklos, Vol. 49, No.3, 1996, pp. 331-352.
1997	Gordon Tullock Dipak K. Gupta and T. Bandypoadhay Dipak K. Gupta and Harinder Singh	"Corruption Theory and Practice." Contemporary Economic Policy 14 (July 1996): 6-13. "Individual in Group: Altruism to Ethnic Cleansing." Paper presented to the University of Southern California Department of Economics, Los Angeles, 1997. San Diego, CA: San Diego State University Department of Economics. "Role of Political Risk in Foreign Direct Investment." Paper presented at the Western Economic Association Conference, 1997. San Diego, CA: San Diego State University Department of Economics.
1998	Herschel I. Grossman Herschel I. Grossman Jack Hirshleifer Paul Collier Paul Collier Paul Collier Paul Collierand Anke Hoeffler. Paul Collier Anke Hoeffler and Mans Soderbom Dipak K. Gupta Dipak K. Gupta Dipak K. Gupta M. C. Madhavan and Andrew Blee Anke Elizabeth Hoeffler	"Producers and Predators." Pacific Economic Review 3 (October 1998): 169-187. "Make Us a King: Production, Predation, and the State." Working Paper. Providence, RI: Brown University Department of Economics, October 1998. "The Bioeconomic Causes of War." Managerial and Decision Economics 19 (1998): 457-466. "On Economic Causes of Civil War." Oxford Economic Papers 50, no. 4 (1998): 563-73. "The Economics of Civil War." Photocopy. Washington, DC: The World Bank, 1998. "The Challenge of Ugandan Reconstruction, 1986-98." Photocopy. Washington, DC: The World Bank, 1998. "The Coming Anarchy? The Global and Regional Incidence of Civil War." Mimeo. Oxford: Oxford University Centre for the Study of African Economies, 1998. "On the Duration of Civil War and Postwar Peace." Photocopy. Oxford: Oxford University Centre for the Study of African Economies, 1998. "On the Methodology of Constructing a Composite Indicator of Political Instability: A Cross-National Model." Paper presented to Fourth Annual Conference of The Society for the Advancement of Behavioral Economics, the San Diego, CA, 1998. San Diego, CA: San Diego State University Department of Economics. Clash of Identities. Albert W. Johnson Lecture. San Diego: San Diego State University Press, 1998. "Democracy, Economic Growth, and Political Instability: An Integrated Perspective." Journal of Socio-Economics 27, no. 5 (October 1998): 588-611. San Diego, CA: San Diego State University Department of Economics. Econometric Studies of Growth, Convergence and Conflicts, 1998, D.Phil thesis, University of Oxford
1999	Paul Collier Paul Collier and Anke Hoeffler Paul Collier Paul Collier and Anke Hoeffler Herschel I. Grossman Herschel I. Grossman Herschel I. Grossman and Minseong Kim. Herschel I. Grossman and Juan Mendoza Herschel I. Grossman and Juan Mendoza. Todd Sandler and Walter Enders Wayne T. Brough and V. L Elliott Paul Collier and David Dollar Paul Collier and Anke Hoeffler Paul Collier and Anke Hoeffler Paul Collier Ibrahim Elbadawi Paul Collier Michael Doyle, and Nicholas Sambanis	"On Economic Consequences of Civil War." Oxford Economic Papers 51 (1999): 168-83. "Justice Seeking and Loot Seeking in Civil War." Photocopy. Washington, DC: The World Bank, February 17, 1999. "Doing Well Out of War." Photocopy. Washington, DC: The World Bank, April 10, 1999. "Justice Seeking and Loot Seeking in Civil War." Photocopy. Washington, DC: The World Bank, February 17, 1999. "Predation, Moral Decay, and Moral Revival." Working Paper. Providence, RI: Brown University Department of Economics, January 1999. "Kleptocracy and Revolutions." Oxford Economic Papers 51 (April 1999): 267-283. "Predation, Efficiency, and Inequality." Working Paper. Providence, RI: Brown University Department of Economics, July 1999. "The Struggle for Survival." Working Paper. Providence, RI: Brown University Department of Economics, May 1999. "Scarcity and Conflict." Working Paper 94-27. Providence, RI: Brown University Department of Economics, August 1999. “Transnational Terrorism in the Post-Cold War Era”, International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 43, No.1, March 1999, pp. 145-167. Republished in Dimensions of Terrorism edited by Alan O'Day (Aldershot, UK: Ashgate, 2004), pp. 475-497. “The Economics of Insurgency” in Mwangi S. Kimenyi and John Mukum Mbaku. Institutions and Collective Choice in Developing Countries: Applications of the Theory of Public Choice. Brookfield USA: Ashgate, 1999. “Aid Allocation and Poverty Reduction.” Photocopy. Washington, DC: The World Bank, January 1, 1999. “On the Economic Causes of Civil War.” Photocopy. Washington, DC: The World Bank, January 1, 1999. “Justice-Seeking and Loot-Seeking in Civil War.” Photocopy. Washington, DC: The World Bank, February 17, 1999. “Doing Well Out of War.” Photocopy. Washington, DC: The World Bank, April 10, 1999. “Civil Wars and Poverty: the Role of External Interventions, Political Rights and Economic Growth.” Photocopy. Washington, DC: The World Bank, June 1 1999. “The Challenge of Ugandan Reconstruction, 1986-98.” Photocopy. Washington, DC: The World Bank, November 2, 1999. “Building Peace: Challenges and Strategies after Civil War.” Washington, DC: The World Bank, December 17, 1999.
2000	Herschel I. Grossman and Minseong Kim. Herschel I. Grossman Minseong Kim and Juan Mendoza. Todd Sandler and Walter Enders Jack Hirshleifer Paul Collier and Anke Hoeffler Paul Collier Ibrahim Elbadawi and Nicholas Sambanis Paul Collier Paul Collier and David Dollar Nicholas Sambanis Michael Doyle, and Nicholas Sambanis Paul Collier, Ibrahim Elbadawi and Nicholas Sambanis	"Predators, Moral Decay, and Moral Revivals." European Journal of Political Economy 16, no. 2 (June 2000): 173-187. "Decisiveness and the Viability of Anarchy." Working Paper. Working Paper 94-27. Providence, RI: Brown University Department of Economics, January 2000. “Is Transnational Terrorism Becoming More Threatening? A Time-Series Investigation," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 44, No.3, June 2000, pp. 307-332. “The Macrotechnology of Conflict.”, The Journal of Conflict Resolution 44, no 6 (December 2000): 773-792. "Greed and Grievance in Civil War." Paper presented at the World Bank and the Princeton University Center for International Studies Workshop on the Economics of Political Violence, March 18-19, 2000. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University, 2000. Photocopy. “Policy for Post-Conflict Societies: Reducing the Risks of Civil War.” Photocopy. Washington, DC: The World Bank, April 17, 2000. “External Interventions and the Duration of Civil Wars.” Photocopy. Washington, DC: The World Bank, March 22, 2000. ”Economic Causes of Civil Conflict and Their Implications for Policy." Photocopy. Washington, DC: The World Bank, June 15, 2000. “Can the World Cut Poverty in Half? How Policy Reform and Effective Aid Can Meet International Development Goals.” Photocopy. Washington, DC: The World Bank, July, 2000. “Partition as a Solution to Ethnic War: An Empirical Critique of the Theoretical Literature.” Photocopy. Washington, DC: The World Bank, July 1, 2000. “International Peacebuilding: A Theoretical and Quantitative Analysis.” Photocopy. Washington, DC: The World Bank, August 22, 2000. “Why are there so Many Civil Wars in Africa? Prevention of Future Conflicts and Promotion of Inter-Group Cooperation.” Photocopy. , December 1, 2000. Washington, DC: The World Bank
2001	Dipak K. Gupta Ibrahim Elbadawi and Nicholas Sambanis Mans Soderbom, Paul Collier and Anke Hoefller Ibrahim A. Elbadawi, and Nicholas Sambanis Jan Dehn and Paul Collier Paul Collier, Ibrahim A. Elbadawi, and Nicholas Sambanis Paul Collier and Nicholas Sambanis Paul Collier and Anke Hoeffler Paul Collier and Nicholas Sambanis Paul Collier	Path to Collective Madness: A Study in Social Order and Political Pathology. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing, 2001. “How Much War Will We See? Estimating the Incidence of Civil War in 161 Countries.” Photocopy. Washington, DC: The World Bank, January, 2001. “On the Duration of Civil War.” Photocopy. Washington, DC: The World Bank, September 1, 2001. “External Interventions and the Duration of Civil Wars.” Washington, DC: The World Bank, September 1, 2001. “Aid, Shocks, and Growth.” Photocopy. Washington, DC: The World Bank, October 1, 2001. “Why Are There So Many Civil Wars in Africa? Prevention of Future Conflicts and Promotion of Inter-Group Cooperation.” Photocopy. Washington, DC: The World Bank, December 1, 2001. “Understanding Civil War: A New Agenda.” Photocopy. Washington, DC: The World Bank, December 13, 2001. “On the Incidence of Civil War in Africa.” Photocopy. Washington, DC: The World Bank, December 13, 2001. Understanding Civil War: a New Agenda.” Photocopy. Washington, DC: The World Bank, December 13, 2001. “Implications of Ethnic Diversity.” Photocopy. Washington, DC: The World Bank, December 17, 2001.
2002	Mans Soderbom, Paul Collier and Anke Hoeffler Paul Collier and Anke Hoeffler Paul Collier and Anke Hoeffler Ibrahim Elbadawi and Nicholas Sambanis Paul Collier Paul Collier and Anke Hoeffler Paul Collier and Anke Hoeffler Todd Sandler and Walter Enders Todd Sandler and Havard Hegre Todd Sandler and James C. Murdoch Bruno Frey and Simon Lüchinger	“On the Durration of Civil War.” Photocopy. Washington, DC: The World Bank, September 1, 2002. “Greed and Grievance in Civil War.” Photocopy. Washington, DC: The World Bank, March 1, 2002. “Aid, Policy and Peace.” Photocopy. Washington, DC: The World Bank, March 10, 2002. “How Much War Will We See? Explaining the Prevalence of Civil War. Photocopy. Washington, DC: The World Bank, March 22, 2002. “Primary Commodity Dependence and Africa’s Future.” Photocopy. Washington, DC: The World Bank, April 25, 2002. “Military Expenditure: Threats, Aid, and Arms Races.” Photocopy. Washington, DC: The World Bank, November 19, 2002. “Aid, Policy and Growth in Post-Conflict Societies” Photocopy. Washington, DC: The World Bank, October 3, 2002. “Patterns of Transnational Terrorism, 1970-99: Alternative Time Series Estimates," International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 46, No.2, June 2002, pp. 145-165. “Economic Analysis of Civil Wars," Defence and Peace Economics, Vol. 13, No.6, December 2002, pp. 429-433. “Civil Wars and Economic Growth: A Regional Comparison," Defence and Peace Economics, Vol. 13, No.6, December 2002, pp. 451-464. “Ist Abschreckung wirksam? Eine ökonomische Analyse des Terrorismus,” List Forum für Wirtschafts- und Finanzpolitik Vol. 28 (3), 2002, 209-221
2003	Todd Sandler and Daniel G. Arce M. Todd Sandler Todd Sandler and Daniel G. Arce M. Bruno S. Frey and Simon Lüchinger Bruno S. Frey and Simon Lüchinger Paul Collier, V. L Elliott, Havard Hegre, Anke Hoeffler, Marta Querol-Reynal and Nicholas Sambanis	“An Evolutionary Game Approach to Fundamentalism and Conflict," Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, Vol. 159, No.1, March 2003, pp. 132-154. “Collective Action and Transnational Terrorism," World Economy, Vol. 26, No.6, June 2003, pp. 779-802. Sandler, Todd, “Terrorism and Game Theory," (with Daniel G. Arce M.), Simulation & Gaming, Vol. 34, No. 3, September 2003, pp. 319-337. “How to fight terrorism: Alternatives to deterrence.” Defence and Peace Economics 14 (4) (2003).: 237-249. “Anti-Terrorismus-Politik. Eine ökonomische Analyse,” WiSt 32 (5): 264-269. Breaking the Conflict Trap: Civil War and Development Policy, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003
2004	Todd Sandler and James C. Murdoch Todd Sandler and Kevin Siqueira Todd Sandler and Walter Enders V. L Elliott Todd Sandler and B. Peter Rosendorff Bruno S. Frey and Simon Lüchinger	“Civil Wars and Economic Growth: Spatial Dispersion," American Journal of Political Science, Vol. 48, No.1, January 2004, 138-151. “Collective Goods, Common Agency, and Third-Party Intervention," Bulletin of Economic Research, Vol. 56, No.1, January 2004, pp. 1-20. “An Economic Perspective on Transnational Terrorism," European Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 20, No.2, June 2004, pp. 301-316. “Reason, Revolt and ‘Rithmetic: A very non-technical discussion of the quantitative study of instability and internal war in the history of economic thought.” Paper for the Social Science Research Council workshop on “The Economic Analysis of Conflict: Problems and Prospects,” Washington, D.C., April 19-20, 2004. http://www.ssrc.org/programs/gsc/gsc_activities/globalization_conflict/conflictagenda/ “Too Much of a Good Thing? The Proactive Response Dilemma," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 48, No.5, October 2004, pp. 657-671. “Decentralization as a disincetive for terror.” European Journal of Political Economy 20 (2004).: 509-515.
2005	Todd Sandler and Walter Enders Todd Sandler and Daniel G. Arce M. Todd Sandler and Daniel G. Arce M. Todd Sandler and Walter Enders Todd Sandler Todd Sandler Todd Sandler and Walter Enders Bruno S. Frey and Simon Luechinger	“Transnational Terrorism 1968-2000: Thresholds, Persistence, and Forecasts," Southern Economic Journal, Vol. 71, No.3, January 2005, pp. 467-483. “The Dilemmas of the Prisoners' Dilemmas," Kyklos, Vol. 58, No. 1, January 2005, pp. 3-24. “Counterrorism: A Game-Theoretic Analysis,” Journal of Conflict Resolution, 49 2, April 2005: 183-200. “After 9/11: Is It All Different Now?", Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 49, No.2, April 2005, pp. 259-277. “Collective versus Unilateral Responses to Terrorism," Public Choice forthcoming 2005. “Recognizing the Limits to Cooperation behind National Borders: Financing the Control of Transnational Terrorism," in Inge Kaul, Pedro Conceiao, et al. (eds), The New Public Finance: Responding to Global Challenges (New York: Oxford University Press) 2005. “9/11 and Its Aftermath," International Studies Review, June 2005. Measuring Terrorism. In: Alain Marciano, Jean-Michel Josselin (Eds.). Law and the State. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar (2005): 142 – 184.
2006	Walter Enders and Todd Sandler	The Political Economy of Terrorism, (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006).

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